Allergan: A ROE That Has Returned to Acceptable Levels

In this article, let´s see one of the most important financial ratios applying to stockholders, the best measure of performance for a firm's management: the Return on Equity (ROE), and we are going to analyze it in the case of Allergan Inc. (AGN)

ROE is calculated as net income applicable to common shares divided by the average book value of common equity: ROE = Net Income / Av. Book Value

A higher ROE is viewed as a positive aspect for the company, but the reason behind it should be examine. From the equation above, we can see that if book value is decreasing more rapidly than net income, the ratio will increase, but this is not good for the firm.

Dupont Analysis

This approach can be used to analyze the ROE. With some algebra we can break down ROE into a function of different ratios. Firstly, we are going to consider the original approach:

Original DupontEquation: Three-Part Dupont

Taking the ROE equation: ROE = net income / shareholder's equity and multiplying ROE by (revenue / revenue), and rearranging terms we get:

ROE = (net income / revenue) * (revenue / shareholder's equity)

We now have ROE broken into two parts, the first is net profit margin, and the second is the equity turnover ratio.Nowwe can expand this by multiplying these terms by (assets / assets), and rearranging we end up with the three-step DuPont equation.

ROE = (Net Income / Revenue) * (Revenue / Assets) * (Assets / Shareholder's Equity)

This equation for ROE breaks it into three widely used and studied components:

ROE = (Net profit margin)* (Asset Turnover) * (Leverage ratio)

The first term is what we called previously net profit margin, the second term is asset turnover and the third tem is a financial leverage ratio. If we have a low ROE, one of the following must be true:

The firm has a poor profit margin The firm has a poor asset turnover The firm has a little leverage

ROE (%) 3-Step	Dec-04	Dec-05	Dec-06	Dec-07	Dec-08	Dec-09	Dec-10	Dec-11	Dec-12	Dec-13
Net Profit Margin	18.32	17.24	-4.16	12.68	12.79	13.80	0.01	17.24	19.46	15.64
Asset Turnover	0.91	0.82	0.53	0.60	0.65	0.60	0.59	0.64	0.62	0.60
Leverage	2.00	1.82	1.82	1.75	1.67	1.56	1.75	1.61	1.56	1.64
ROE	33.78	25.78	-4.05	13.36	13.9	12.88	0.01	17.6	18.82	15.24

Final Comment

As outlined in the article, a key ratio used to determine management efficiency is the ROE. In general, analysts consider ROE ratios in the 15-20% range as representing attractive levels for investment. As we can appreciate, since 2011 the ROE recovered acceptable levels according to what we have just said, principally due to its high net profit margin.

It is very important to understand this metric before investing and it is important to look at the trend in ROE over time. So let´s see the evolution on the next chart:

So based on this analysis, I would recommend investors to consider adding this stock to their long-term portfolios.

Hedge fund gurus have also been active in the company. Gurus like Jim Chanos (Trades, Portfolio), Andreas Halvorsen (Trades, Portfolio), Eric Mindich (Trades, Portfolio), Richard Perry (Trades, Portfolio), Jean-Marie Eveillard (Trades, Portfolio), Louis Moore Bacon (Trades, Portfolio), Paul Singer (Trades, Portfolio), John Paulson (Trades, Portfolio), Bill Ackman (Trades, Portfolio), Jim Simons (Trades,